request; favour (to ask); wish; please
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
please (give me); please (do for me)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
please; somehow or other; one way or another
boy; juvenile; young boy; youth; lad
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to become thin; to lose weight; to reduce (one's) weight; to be barren; to be infertile; to be sterile
vagrancy; vagabondage; wander around
orphan; person without friends
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
be considered; be deemed; be thought to be
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
name; given name; first name
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
surname; family name; hereditary title (used in ancient Japan to denote rank and political standing)
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
system; institution; organization; organisation
to use; to make use of; to utilize; to utilise