indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
politics; government; peace; (arch.) medical treatment; (arch.) cure
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
people; citizens; subjects; folk
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
accession to the throne; enthronement
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
calmness; composure; presence of mind; stability; steadiness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
by means of; due to; because of; according to
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
to spread; to be propagated
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
energy; vigour; vigor; liveliness; spirit; life
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be full of (e.g. adventure, youth, energy); to be overflowing with
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
technology; engineering; technique; skill; art; craft
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
learning; scholarship; study; study of ...; -ology; -ics
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to hold in one's arms (e.g. a baby); to embrace; to hug; to have (a thought or feeling); to hold; to harbour (suspicion, doubt, etc.)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to recall; to remember; to recollect
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
originally; primarily; essentially; intrinsically; proper; rightful
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine