indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
address (e.g. of house); residence; domicile
uncertainty; insecurity; inconstancy; indefinite; undecided
without an occupation; unemployed; jobless
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
regret; repentance; remorse
right in the middle (of); midst; height
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
unattractive, uncouth man
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
just (now); quite (near); unintentionally; subconsciously
time; hour; period; class
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
shut-in; stay-at-home; hikikomori; social withdrawal; shunning other people
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
to stay indoors; to be confined indoors
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
meeting; conference; session; assembly; council; convention
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
attendance; presence; appearance
shall ...; to assume; to suppose
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
siblings; brothers and sisters; brothers; siblings-in-law; brothers-in-law; mate
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
evil design; crafty plan; plot
to fit; to get into; to be fit for (a job, etc.); to be suited for; to fall into; to plunge into
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
pinning someone on the floor by lying on them; banging on the floor (e.g. to quieten one's neighbor)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)