indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be worried; to be troubled
to fold one's arms; to link arms with someone
to groan; to moan; to roar; to howl; to hum (engine, wind, etc.); to buzz; to ooh and aah (in admiration)
while; during; while; although; all; both
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rock; to shake; to swing
this and that; this or that; one thing or another; around; about; round about
kitchen; financial situation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
quarter; a fourth; square (piece of) cloth
period of time (usu. a period of approx. two hours corresponding to one of the signs of the Chinese zodiac); carving; engraving; strictness; cruelty
don't you think?; indicates question
though; although; be that as it may; nonetheless
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
considerable; great; important; significant; a big deal
trouble; troubles; worry; distress; sorrows; anguish
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
careful thought; consideration; deliberation; reflection; rumination; pondering
outline; main points; generally; on the whole; general; rough
related to; in relation to
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
than; from; out of; except; but; more
frank; candid; straightforward; openhearted; direct; outspoken
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
turns and twists; ups and downs; meandering; complications; vicissitudes
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
married couple; husband and wife; man and wife; his and hers; pair of objects, one larger (for man), one smaller (for woman)