indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
that's the way it is; such is life
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if it is the case that ...
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
now; the present time; just now; another; more
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to appear ...; to look like ...; to seem ...; to have a trace of; to be tinged with
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
sudden; abrupt; unexpected; unforeseen
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
myself; yourself; I; me; you
imagination; supposition; guess
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
in this way; thus; such; uh...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
body; physical system; (the) person
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
enough; sufficient; plenty; sufficiently; fully; thoroughly
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...