origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
book; volume; this; present; main; head
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
loveable; very likeable; like very much
three times; thrice; third (musical interval); many times; over and over again
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
than; from; out of; except; but; more
printing type; movable type; printed text; print
through; throughout; through (the good offices of); by way of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
to dance (orig. a hopping dance)
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
to collect; to put (it all) together; to summarize; to aggregate; to bring to a conclusion; to finalize
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
to benefit; to profit; to gain; to reap rewards
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
myself; yourself; I; me; you
with my own (two) eyes; with these very eyes
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
(something) has never occurred; to have never done (something); such a thing has not happened; never happens; there is never a time when
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous