pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
town; city; municipal; urban
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
straight (ahead); direct; upright; straightforward; honest; frank
to advance; to go forward; to precede; to go ahead (of); to make progress; to improve; to deepen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to arrive at (after a struggle); to finally reach; to find one's way to; to finally hit on (e.g. an idea)
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
at present; currently; so far; for now; for the time being
favourable; favorable; doing well; OK; all right
in that way; thus; so; so?
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
to be suspicious of; to be doubtful of; to be dubious of
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
lunch; midday meal; food served at a tea party (tea ceremony)
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
for a moment; for a minute; for a while; for some time; for the time being; for now
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
just a minute; small quantity
the trouble is that ...; the problem is that ...; unfortunately; annoyingly
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed