pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
front and rear; front and back; before and after; around; about; order; context
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
when it becomes; when it comes to
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
thanks to ...; owing to ...; because of ...
considerably; fairly; quite
to be late; to be delayed; to fall behind (in a race, one's studies, etc.); to lag behind; to be bereaved of; to be preceded by (someone) in death
there's no (other) way; cannot be helped; unavoidable; it's no use (doing); pointless; hopeless (person)