at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
just the other day; quite recently
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
no sooner than; as soon as; immediately after; at the thought of; when I think about
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
already completed (arrived, happened, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
in that way; thus; so; so?
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be stingy (with); to skimp (on)
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
rather; sooner; preferably
hut; cabin; small theatre (theater); temporary playhouse; one's own house
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
connivance; tacit consent; toleration; acquiescence
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
chance; start; cue; excuse; motive; impetus
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
settlement; permanent residency
hi!; yo!; hey man!; hey dude!
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker