you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
marriage proposal; marriage talks
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
to summon; to call (e.g. phone); to convene; to invoke (e.g. subroutine); to call; to open (e.g. a file)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
to tell; to inform; to announce; to indicate; to signal; to mark
to be different from what was previously said; to be different from what was promised
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
marriage partner; spouse; wife-to-be; husband-to-be; future spouse
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
objection; refutation; rebuttal; counterargument
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
such; like that; that sort of; very
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
change; modification; alteration; revision; amendment
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and