length of a sleeve (of Western clothing); height of a sleeve (of traditional Japanese clothing)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
uncertain; doubtful; unreliable; unsteady; unclear; vague
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shake; to jolt; to rock (cradle); to swing
to recall; to remember; to recollect
dear (old); fondly-remembered; beloved; missed; nostalgic
scenery; scene; landscape; scene (e.g. of a crime)
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to repeat; to do something over again
townscape; street (of stores and houses); (look of) stores and houses on street
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
to go past; to pass; to pass by
to be reflected; to harmonize with (harmonise); to come out (photo); to be projected; to be displayed (on a screen)
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
don't you think?; indicates question
to be crushed; to be squashed (flat); to be discouraged
to bend; to curve; to turn; to be awry; to be askew
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
idiot; moron; trivial matter; folly; stupid; foolish
tightrope walking; high-wire act; funambulism; treading a tightrope; walking on thin ice; pulling a risky balancing act
knee; lap; knee and thigh (while sitting)
to run (of liquid); to spread; to blur; to blot; to ooze; to well up (of tears, etc.)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
empty; void; vain; fruitless; lifeless
how long; how much; to what extent
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon