indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
already; now; no longer; not any more
having had enough (of); fed up (with); sick and tired (of); to learn one's lesson; to learn from a bad experience
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
(not) anywhere; nowhere; everywhere; anywhere
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
stupid; half-witted; dull-witted; blockhead; idiot; dimwit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
getting tired of; getting sick of; getting bored with; getting fed up with
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
to begin to dance; to break into a dance
to meet (by chance); to come across; to meet (e.g. of rivers, highways, etc.); to emerge and engage (an enemy)
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
goodbye; so long; saying goodbye to (e.g. life as a bachelor); putting an end to; farewell (performance, party, etc.); final
to walk about; to walk around; to walk to and fro; to pace around; to wander
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; the present time; just now; another; more
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
result; consequence; coming to fruition; bearing fruit; as a result; consequently
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
blue; azure; green; pale; gray; unripe
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)