this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
companion; fellow; group; company; member of the same category (family, class)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
please (give me); please (do for me)
to think (about, of); to think over; to consider; to bear in mind; to think (that); to believe; to intend (to do)
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
leaf; blade (of grass); (pine) needle; marijuana; cannabis
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; (arch.) money
long (distance, length); long (time); protracted; prolonged
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
neck; head; dismissal; discharge
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
correct; right; correct interpretation (answer, solution)
giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis); qilin (Chinese unicorn); (arch.) horse that can ride 1000 ri in a day
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
light (i.e. not heavy); feeling light (i.e. offering little resistance, moving easily); light (i.e. of foot); effortless; non-serious; minor; slight
grass; weed; (arch.) ninja; not genuine; substandard; LOL
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o