today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
origami; art of paper folding; hallmark; certificate of authenticity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
white; innocence; innocent person; blank space; white go stone; white dragon tile; skewered grilled pig intestine
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to break; to fracture; to fold; to bend; to make (origami); to interrupt
to turn inside out; to turn the other way; to turn (something) over
slanting; tilted; sloping; distorted (feeling); slanted (e.g. view of the world); bad (mood)
opposite side; opposition
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
corner; edge; (street) corner; turning; rough edges (of one's character, words, etc.); abrasiveness
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
opposition; resistance; antagonism; reverse; opposite; inverse
to open (e.g. doors); to open (e.g. business, etc.); to be empty; to be vacant; to be available; to be open (e.g. neckline, etc.); to have been opened (of one's eyes, mouth, etc.)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
one or two; a few; small number
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
small; little; slight; below average (in degree, amount, etc.); low (e.g. sound); soft (e.g. voice)
six; six years of age; six o'clock (old time system)
middle; centre; center; midpoint; heart
door (Western-style, car, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
completion; finish; workmanship; result; outcome