study subject; course of study; department (university, etc.)
aim; object; expectations; prospects; something that can be relied upon; snack served with alcoholic drink; pad
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
enforcement; implementation; putting into practice; carrying out; operation; working (e.g. working parameters)
training (esp. in-service); induction course
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be unable to; to find difficult (unpleasant, awkward, painful) to do; to serve two or more functions or roles simultaneously; to contain (or combine) two or more features; to work in two or more jobs simultaneously (positions, etc.); to do alongside
photography (still or motion); photographing; filming; shooting; (video) recording
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
temporary transfer (of an employee); secondment; relocation; proceeding to; leaving for
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
actual spot; scene (of a crime, accident, etc.); (on) site; (on) the ground; filming location; (movie) set
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
so; therefore; accordingly; consequently; on those grounds; that is why
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
as (for); for; in the capacity of
life; living; I; me; student
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
you (plural); all of you; you all
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unexpected; contrary to expectations; by chance; casual
lucky; nice!; score!; bingo!