prefix for forming ordinal numbers
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
rumour; rumor; report; hearsay; gossip; common talk
successive generations; successive emperors
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change sides; to double-cross; to betray; to roll over (in bed); to turn over
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(public) notice; attention; public eye; public gaze
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
rumor that appears to be quite true (rumour)
betrayer; traitor; turncoat; informer
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to come to nothing; to go down the drain; to go up in smoke
in that way; thus; so; so?
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
judgement; judgment; appraisal (e.g. of an antique); evaluation; forensics; (criminal) identification
identification; ID; identity
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
entry into port; arriving in harbor
permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
certification; attestation; authentication; Imperial attestation
completion; conclusion; perfect (tense, form, aspect)
to get permission; to get approval; to get the go-ahead
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh