teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how about ...?; I wonder; I don't know
I'm afraid to say; I'm sorry to say; unfortunately
honorific/polite/humble prefix
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
(police) detective; criminal matter
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
my condolences; my deepest sympathy
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
we; us; I; me; my store (business, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
in unison; as one; united
truth; reality; truly; really; absolute truth
investigation (esp. in academic and scientific contexts)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to have the privilege of doing
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
spicy; hot; salty; harsh (criticism); severe (punishment); painful
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
no good; not serving its purpose; hopeless; wasted; cannot; must not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
time; hour; period; class
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
settlement; solution; resolution
society; the world; the times
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
a lot; lots; enough; sufficient; enough; too many