indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
angle; square; cube; bishop; third degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Chinese "horn" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); jiao (monetary unit of China; one-tenth of a yuan)
meeting; assembly; party; society; association; club
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
few; a little; scarce; insufficient; seldom
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
it is not (like that) either
nocturnal luminescence; noctilucence
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to cling to; to hang onto; to rely on; to depend on; to implore; to entreat
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
soul; spirit; departed soul; ghost
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
great depth; bottomless; great height
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
spell; curse; dharani; mantra
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
cosmic dual forces; yin and yang; sun and moon, etc.
government office; agency; board
same period; corresponding period; same year (of graduation, entering a company, etc.); contemporary; synchronization; synchronism
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
all night long; all through the night
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
trouble; bother; annoyance; to be troubled (by); to be bothered (by); to be inconvenienced (by)