1. certainly; of course; to be sure; surely
2. even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); though; although
usu. with volitional verb or adj. stem
3. without even; without so much as
with neg. verb
4. at the (least, earliest, etc.)
after an adverb
5. also (called); also as
6. well
sometimes esp. an emphatic form of the particle と