indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that day; the very same day
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to become damp; to become moist; to become wet; to lack energy; to be in a slump; to be in low spirits
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
very; awfully; exceedingly; (not) at all; by no means; simply (cannot)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
to fill; to become full (of); to wax (of the moon); to rise (of the tide); to flow; to expire (of a period of time)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
quiet (place); still; silent; inconspicuously; modestly; quietly
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
rotation (usu. around something); revolution; turning
temperature; body temperature (human, animal)
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
quiet; silent; slow; unhurried; calm; peaceful
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
heat; fever; temperature; zeal; passion
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
business; thing to be done; something that should be performed; information that should be conveyed
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
to pick up; to find; to gather
cat (esp. the domestic cat, Felis catus); shamisen; geisha; wheelbarrow; clay bed-warmer; bottom; submissive partner of a homosexual relationship
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend