indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to overturn; to capsize; to overthrow (government etc.); to reverse (decision etc.); to disprove (an established theory etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
huge win; overwhelming victory
young and energetic; up-and-coming; new and excellent; newly produced; up-and-comer
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
person with a lot of experience; old hand; veteran (in a particular field)
personality; style; appearance
to make a display of; to show off; to flaunt
new face; newcomer; rookie; modern humans (from Cro-Magnon man onwards)
to rely on; to depend on; to count on; to turn to (for help)
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
name; given name; first name
thanks; gratitude; manners; etiquette; bow; reward; gift
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates supposition; if ... then; when; (typically after someone's name) indicates exasperation
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to deceive; to falsify; to dodge; to beg the question (issue, difficulties); to varnish over; to gloss over
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
chafing; grinding (e.g. teeth); binding tightly; pulling tight (e.g. a bow); rotating quickly; hurting sharply