book; volume; this; present; main; head
reason; significance; cause; piece of information that one has heard; I hear that ...; it is said that ...
teahouse; (Edo period) rest stop; (geisha) teahouse; establishment where patrons are entertained by geisha; tea house (that sells tea); tea dealer
work (film, book); production; creation; turning (something) out
companion; follower; attendant; retinue
exchange (e.g. cultural); interchange; interaction; alternating current; AC
to look after (often medically); to take care of
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
quotient; dealing; dealer; second degree (of the Japanese and Chinese pentatonic scale); Shang dynasty (China, approx. 1600-1046 BCE); Yin dynasty
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
han; fan; unit that doubles the score of a hand
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
sky; heaven; God; svarga (heaven-like realm visited as a stage of death and rebirth); deva (divine being of Buddhism); top (of a book); sole (of a Japanese sandal)
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
school; proof (of a book, document, etc.); counter for proofs
period; time; opportunity; chance; age; term (e.g. in office); session (e.g. of parliament)
frequent; densely packed; thick
action of making something; -ification
insect; bug; worm; roundworm; one's emotions; one's feelings; nervousness
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to burn; to burn with (emotion, feeling); to be fired up
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne