indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
strong; potent; strong; brawny; good (at); skilled; being able to handle
adds force or indicates command
to drain; to pour; to wash away; to distribute (e.g. electricity over wires, music over a PA system, etc.); to circulate; to cruise (e.g. taxi); to float
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
tightly (holding on); firmly; strongly (built); solidly; properly; well
to row; to scull; to pedal (e.g. bicycle); to swing (on a swing); to operate a hand pump; to push through (deep snow, the jungle, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
a little bit; a little while
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
opposite side; other side; over there; that way; the other party; the other person
part; portion; amount; worth (as in "two days' worth"); one's means; one's place; one's duty
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
Genji (the character in the Genji Monogatari); the Minamoto family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
Heike family; Taira family; The Tale of the Heike; chanting of the Heike Monogatari
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to excel at; to be proficient at; to grow old; to ripen; to rise high (e.g. the sun)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at)
to shoot (arrow, bolt, dart)
shrike (any bird of family Laniidae); bull-headed shrike (Lanius bucephalus); butcher bird
bird; bird meat (esp. chicken meat); fowl; poultry
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
prey; catch; kill; spoils; trophy; loot
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
branch; bough; limb; twig; sprig; spray
to stab; to stick; to pierce; to thrust
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
Eh?; What?; Come on!; Damn!
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to clear up; to become cloudless; to be refreshed