to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
corresponding to (in meaning, function, etc.); being equivalent to; appropriate; suitable; to be proportionate to; to be in keeping with
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to be in high spirits; to be full of vigor (vigour); to be enthusiastic; to be eager; to stretch to breaking point
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
China; Chūgoku region (western part of Honshu comprising the prefectures of Okayama, Hiroshima, Yamaguchi, Tottori and Shimane); central part of a country; main region; province of the second lowest rank (ritsuryo system)
war; battle; match; game; competition
to turn towards; to point
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
representative; representation; delegation; switchboard number; main number
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
also known as; also called
performing arts; acrobatics
body; group; party; company; troupe
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
method; process; manner; way; means; technique
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
no; that's wrong; it's not like that; isn't it?; wasn't it?
brush tip; first on a list; head; chief
remarkable; striking; brilliant; splendid; spectacular; wonderful