honorific/polite/humble prefix
title; subject; problem (on a test); question; counter for questions (on a test)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
commander-in-chief; leader; head of a group of companies
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
god; deity; incredible; fantastic; (arch.) Emperor (of Japan); (arch.) thunder
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tongue; tongue-like object; clapper (of a bell); talon (of a lock)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to manufacture; to produce; to raise (crops); to invent; to dream up; to create
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
direct; immediate; personal; firsthand
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
now; the present time; just now; another; more
exactly; surely; right then; just then; just (about to); on the verge (of doing or happening)
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
to drink; to gulp; to smoke (tobacco); to engulf; to overwhelm; to keep down; to suppress
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed