you bastard!; you son of a bitch!
smart (clothing, etc.); stylish; slim; slender; skilful; slick
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interrogative sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
one day; (on) a certain day
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
border; boundary; turning point; watershed; area; region
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
ago; since; before; previous
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to lose; to miss (a change, opportunity); to lose (a loved one); to be bereaved of; to concede (goals, points, etc.)
how; in what way; how about
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
machine; mechanism; instrument; appliance; apparatus
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
electricity; (electric) light
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
culture; civilization; civilisation; Bunka era (1804.2.11-1818.4.22)
indicates uncertainty or second hand nature of information quoted
to dress (oneself in); to attire oneself in; to adorn; to pretend; to feign; to affect
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
to be sad; to mourn for; to regret
old person; senior citizen; the aged; the elderly
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do