indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
fresh; refreshing; invigorating; clear (e.g. voice); fluent; eloquent
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
light; well-lit; bright (of a colour); brightly-coloured; cheerful; bright; encouraging (for the future of a project, etc.)
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
summer vacation; summer holiday
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
name; given name; first name
good-natured person; good person; (one's) lover; boyfriend; girlfriend
to pick up; to find; to gather
in terms of both ... and ...; from the perspective of ... as well as ...; whether it be ... or ...
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
favourite motto; pet saying
doing a good deed each day; doing one good turn a day
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
inspiration; afflatus; ability to sense the supernatural (esp. ghosts, etc.)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise