already; now; by this time; quick; early; fast
karuta; traditional Japanese playing cards
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
staff; member (club, society, etc.)
recruitment; invitation; raising (funds, donations, etc.); collection; flotation (of shares, loans, etc.)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to unite; to join; to do together; to confuse with
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
piece (in shogi, chess, etc.); (arch.) horse; (arch.) foal; bridge (of a violin, etc.)
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
well; properly; best regards; please remember me; just like ...; as though one were ...
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
hakama; man's formal divided skirt
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to suit; to match; to become; to be like
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
of no interest; not interested
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing