Naniwa (former name for Osaka region)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
last night; yesterday evening
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
end (e.g. of street); tip; beginning; start; odds and ends; scrap
hibernation; staying indoors during winter
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to stick; to paste; to stretch; to spread; to form (e.g. ice on a pond); to fill; to swell
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
new student; freshman; first-year student
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
model; dummy; model (profession); fashion model; model (of a vehicle, machine, etc.); version; model (e.g. mathematical)
figure; design; twill weave; pattern of diagonal stripes; style (of writing); figure (of speech); design
shallows; shoal; rapids; current; position; place
millennium; one thousand years; (fig.) long time
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fan; enthusiast; lover (of); fan (e.g. electric)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
serious; not joking; straight
to go to see (something, someone); to visit
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
two classes; double; two sets
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn