one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
carapace; shell; 1st in rank; grade A; instep; back of hand
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
model; pattern; paragon; exemplar
one copy (of a book, magazine, etc.); one volume
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read; to recite (e.g. a sutra); to chant; to predict; to guess; to decipher; to count
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
certain; one; (arch.) I; (arch.) me
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
judge (of the Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office); judicial officer; minister of justice; Imperial Prosecuting and Investigating Office
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to be called; to do
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
lower government office (ritsuryo system); servant of a higher ranking person (during the middle ages); retainer; servant of an urban family; serf
to pull; to tug; to draw (attention, sympathy, etc.); to attract (e.g. interest); to draw back (e.g. one's hand); to draw in (one's chin, stomach, etc.); to draw (a card, mahjong tile, etc.)
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(arch.) to be; (arch.) to be (location); sum of money
reasons; circumstances; significance; hindrance; obstruction; interference
the lower classes; the common people
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
letter (of alphabet); character; writing
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
doing; in such a state; doing together; doing to each other; familiarizing suffix (sometimes meaning "small")
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
spear; lance; javelin; lance; (arch.) jeering
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)