echo; reverberation; sound (esp. the distinctive sound of an object or activity, e.g. rain, gun, gallop, drum); noise; quality of a sound (e.g. a fine phrase, clear voice, resonant bell); feeling of a sound
even if; no matter (what); if; though; although; supposing
to commit a crime; to commit a sin
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to be subject to punishment; to be punished
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
tragedy; tragic drama; tragic play; tragedy; calamity; disaster
to visit; to call on; to arrive (season, time, situation, etc.); to come; (arch.) to make a sound; (arch.) to send a letter
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
at that time; at that moment; then; on that occasion
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
misfortune; bad luck; ill luck; ill fortune
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to shake (from fear, cold, excitement, etc.); to shudder; to tremble
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be reminded of; to call to mind
(medical) doctor; physician
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
cold; frigid; bracing; dignified
suffix for familiar person
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
Earthquake Early Warning; EEW
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
arrival (of post, news, correspondence, etc.); receiving (a phone call, email, etc.)
inside the House; inside the Diet; inside the hospital
broadcasting; broadcast; program; announcement
emergency early warning (cellphone, email, etc.); emergency alert