event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to pick up; to find; to gather
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
pastor; minister; clergyman; reverend
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
introduction; presentation; referral; listing
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
tedium; boredom; dullness; to feel bored; to get bored with; to get tired of
congratulations!; well done!; best wishes!; all the best!
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
to take (a photo); to record (video, audio, etc.); to make (a film)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
surface; face (i.e. the visible side of an object); front (of a building, etc.); obverse side (i.e. "head") of a coin; outside; exterior; appearance
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
opposite side; bottom; rear; back; lining; inside; in the shadows
intelligence agency; secret service
head of a branch; branch office manager; bureau chief