too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
management; (executive) staff; leaders; leadership; top brass; upper echelons
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sailing; marching; going out; dispatch
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
in comparison to; rather than
strange; unfamiliar; unknown; unfamiliarity; strangeness; stranger
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
myself; yourself; I; me; you
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
right; correct; proper; righteous; just
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
Japan Air Self-Defense Force; JASDF
body; group; party; company; troupe
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness