tail (animal, kite, comet, etc.); tail end; slope at the foot of a mountain
quantity; amount; volume; number; amount of money
foreigner (esp. one of European ancestry); different person
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
setting on fire; setting afire
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
foreigner; foreign citizen; foreign national; alien; non-Japanese
foreign settlement; concession; reservation (e.g. American Indian)
not only ... but also; in addition to; consequently
overturning; capsizing; overthrow (e.g. of a government)
to put into effect; to put into practice
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
among these; between these; of these; in here; in this
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
disinheritance; disowning
please (give me); please (do for me)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to work; to labor; to function; to operate; to commit (e.g. a crime); to perpetrate
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
eh?; what?; yes; that's correct; (arch.) strengthens a question, assertion, etc.; (arch.) hey
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
thousand years; very long period; forever
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
farmer; peasant; farming; the common people