indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
holiday; day off; sleep; rest; Good night
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
January; first month of the lunar calendar
twenty-fifth day of the month; twenty-five days
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
this area; around here; this point; this much; this extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
how do you do?; nice to meet you; adieu; farewell; bon voyage
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(good) result; outcome; fruits (of one's labors); product; accomplishment
beginning; outset; first; onset
image (in one's mind); impression; (computer) image; depiction (e.g. of a product); rendition
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
arrangement (of resources); deployment; stationing; posting; disposition; configuration
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to read and understand; to take in; to sense from external cues; to read (someone's) mind; to read (calibration, tape, etc.); to scan (bar code)
on the road; on the street; in the street; on the way
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
route; path; channel (e.g. sales, distribution)
to follow (road); to pursue (course); to follow up; to follow (hyperlink)
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to collect; to assemble; to gather
and; moreover; besides; as well as; and on top of that; at the same time
work; operation; manufacturing; fatigue duty
weather; climatic conditions; fine weather; clear day; situation; state of affairs
hello; good day; good afternoon