to challenge to (a fight, game, etc.); to throw down the gauntlet; to tackle (e.g. a problem); to attempt; to pressure (someone) for sex; to make advances to
group; (free) radical; counter for installed or mounted objects (e.g. stone lanterns, gravestones, satellites)
loophole; crenel; gun port; porthole
one-by-one; separately; in detail
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to send out; to forward; to show (a person) out
so far; up to now; hitherto; that's enough (for today); it ends here
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
futility; waste; uselessness; pointlessness; idleness
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
brethren; brothers; fellow countrymen; fellowman; compatriot
ground; earth; the solid earth; the (vast) land
to burrow through; to dig through
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to devote all one's energies; to give one's everything; to to put in all one's effort
disk; disc; tray; shallow bowl; grid; board (e.g. in shogi)
dragon (esp. a Chinese dragon); naga; semi-divine human-cobra chimera in Hindu and Buddhist mythology; promoted rook
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
immediately; as soon as possible; as quickly as possible
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
dark; gloomy; depressed; dispirited; dark (in colour); dull; ill-boding
feeling; sense; impression
Bakumatsu period; closing days of the Tokugawa shogunate; end of the Edo period
reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration
till; to; concerning (an area of expertise); swearing by (one's sword, God, etc.)
in history; ever; historical
unprecedented; unparalleled; unparallelled
(mental) agony; anguish; suffering; distress
to pass; to elapse; to pass through; to go through; to experience; to go through
modern state; modern nation
to build up; to complete; to construct; to make up; to fabricate; to invent
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly