railway crossing; railroad crossing; starting line; scratch; determination; stepping over the edge of the ring
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
rough; wild; violent; immoderate; extravagant; reckless
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
mountain; hill; mine (e.g. coal mine); heap; pile; crown (of a hat); thread (of a screw)
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
special; particular; peculiar; unique
altitude; height; elevation; high-degree; high-grade; advanced
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
how; in what way; how (much); to what extent; however (much); no matter how
complicated and mysterious
will; probably; may; I think; surely; I hope
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
using freely; making full use of; having a good command of; working (someone) hard; driving (someone) on
to fight against; to oppose; to face
organization; organisation; structure; construction; system (e.g. railroad, transport, party, etc.); tissue; texture (of a rock)
to carry; to transport; to come; to go; to wield (a tool, etc.); to use
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
cut in the skin caused by a vacuum formed by a whirlwind; mythical weasel-like creatures riding on whirlwinds and inflicting sharp, painless wounds
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
pompadour-like hair style, popular for unmarried women in the Edo period; shimada coiffure
brat; kid; urchin; preta; hungry ghost
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out
arm; skill; efforts; ability
abruptly; suddenly; all of a sudden; without warning