suffix for familiar person
previous time; last time; previous installment; previous instalment; previous session
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
kotatsu; table over an electric heater (orig. a charcoal brazier in a floor well) with a hanging quilt that retains heat
magical powers; supernatural powers; spell; charm
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pinch; crisis; tough spot; clothespin
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
dramatic turn-around; major reversal; great comeback; game changer
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
cold (e.g. weather); uninteresting (esp. joke); lame; dull
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to make war (on); to wage war (against); to compete (against); to struggle (against adversities, etc.); to fight
five colors (usu. red, blue, yellow, white and black); five colours; many kinds; varied; melon; gourd
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(with a) whizzing sound; sound of something whizzing by
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
to eat; to drink; to receive (e.g. a blow); to be on the receiving end (of something undesirable); to undergo (trouble)
all present; all concerned; all of us
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
a little over; a little more than; powerhouse; one of the biggest; upper (seismic intensity)
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
indeed; really; very; extremely; absolutely; certainly