Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
on and after; as from; hereafter; thereafter; since
every place; various places
standard language (used in government, education, etc.); standard Japanese
astringency; constriction; collecting (e.g. opinions); putting together; extraction (of taxes); convergence (of light); convergence
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
present day; modern times; recent times; early modern period (in Japan, usu. from the Meiji Restoration until the end of World War II)
Japanese-language dictionary; dictionary of a national language
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
use; adoption; acceptance; appointment; employment; engagement
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to be put at a disadvantage; to get the short end of the stick
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that
Kagoshima (city, prefecture)
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
home (of something); place famous for its ...; place of origin; birthplace; morning session; last session in the morning
Satsuma (former province located in the west of present-day Kagoshima Prefecture); sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas)
before one knows; before one becomes aware of; unnoticed; unawares
to be packed (with); to be full (space, schedule, etc.); to be blocked (road, pipe, nose, etc.); to be clogged; to shorten (width, interval, etc.); to shrink (shirt, word form, etc.); to be at a loss
to spread; to be propagated
kamaboko; steamed seasoned fish paste, usu. in a semicylindrical shape on a strip of wood and sliced to go in soup, etc.
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
creation; production; creative work (novel, film, etc.); fabrication; fiction; invention
theory; doctrine; opinion; view; rumour; rumor
Ryukyuan food; Ryukyuan cuisine
prototype; model; pattern; archetypal
from long ago; from old times; from time immemorial
to perform; to do; to conduct oneself; to carry out
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
national isolation; closing the country (to foreigners); sakoku; policy of national isolation enacted by the Tokugawa shogunate
order; system; structure; set-up; organization; organisation
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
originator; pioneer; inventor; progenitor; primogenitor; founder of a family line
influential; prominent; strong; likely; plausible
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
(not) always; (not) necessarily; (not) entirely; (not) all
not necessarily so; is not always true
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...