indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
preface; foreword; preamble
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
recommendation; referral; endorsement
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
turmoil; chaos; confusion
to deepen; to heighten; to intensify
present age; present day; today; modern era; modern times
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
naked; nude; unvarnished (e.g. truth); plain (e.g. fact); frank
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to delineate; to draw; to express; to imagine
not only ... but (also); as well as ...
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
mind; spirit; attitude; mentality; spirit (of a matter); essence
tempering (metal); annealing; forging; toughening; disciplining; training
a help; an aid; some assistance
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
should; must; -able; probably; likely
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
area; vicinity; side; edge; circumstances
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
reference; bibliographical reference; consultation; browsing (e.g. when selecting a file to upload on a computer); checking out
please (give me); please (do for me)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
engawa; external corridor on the outer side of traditional Japanese houses; bone at the base of a fin; meat at the base of a fin (esp. of a flatfish)
even if ...; even supposing that ...; also as ...; also for ...; also from the position of ...
most suitable; optimum; optimal; best
carefree; optimistic; careless; reckless; heedless; happy-go-lucky
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
to have both; to possess both; to combine with
presumably; conceivably; in my opinion; in my view; I think (that); upon thought
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward