Eiroku era (1558.2.28-1570.4.23)
eleven; 11; jack (playing card); Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
proceeding to the capital
June; sixth month of the lunar calendar
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
plan; protocol; manifest; program
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look at again; to re-examine (policy, estimate, plan, etc.); to review; to get a better opinion of; to see in a more positive light; to improve
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
acquisition; obtaining; coming to hand
cause; seed; variety; kind; counter for varieties
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
seedling; young plant; rice seedling
consideration; taking into account
plan; project; schedule; scheme; program; programme
to knead again; to rework; to revise; to polish
had better ...; had better not ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
judgment; judgement; divination; judgement
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
basics; fundamentals; basis; foundation
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
change; modification; alteration; revision; amendment
crop; crops; (agricultural) produce; farm products
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
to be (in contrast to something that is not the case)