text (of a book, document, etc.); body (of a letter); this passage; this sentence
illustration; picture; sketch; drawing; figure
pine tree (Pinus spp.); highest (of a three-tier ranking system)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
traditional Japanese handball game
this world; this life; world of the living
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
four; four years of age; ten o'clock (old time system); Burakumin; cross grips
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
order; ordering; beginning; start; foreword; preface
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
family; relatives; dependents; household
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to die out; to peter out; to become extinct; to cease; to be stopped; to be discontinued
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
business; task; use; purpose; for the use of ...; used for ...
stretcher; litter (medical); gurney
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to place on (something); to give (someone) a ride; to give a lift; to load (luggage); to carry; to send out (on the airwaves, etc.); to deceive
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
head (of a household, etc.); leader; owner; proprietor; subject (of a rumour, etc.); doer (of a deed); guardian spirit (e.g. long-resident beast, usu. with mystical powers)
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
in that way; thus; so; so?
to lament; to grieve; to regret; to deplore
tower; steeple; spire; stupa; pagoda; dagoba
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category