grassy field; grassland; meadow; grass-covered plain; savannah; prairie
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
black; dark; blackish; suspicious; criminal; darkened and dirty; sooty
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
star (usu. not including the Sun); planet (usu. not including Earth); star (glyph, symbol, shape); star (actor, player, etc.); small dot; spot; star point (in go)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to invite; to ask; to beckon; to wave someone in; to call in; to send for
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
song; singing; classical Japanese poem (esp. tanka); modern poetry
Leigh (Britain); Ri; Li; Lie
than; from; out of; except; but; more
storm; tempest; uproar; hullabaloo; storm (e.g. of protest)
character (in a play or novel); dramatis personae
super-; ultra-; extremely; really; over; more than
soldier; combatant; warrior
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
diviner; fortune teller; soothsayer
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
crown prince; Prince Shōtoku
beloved concubine; favourite concubine (e.g. of the shogun)