indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
story; tale; narrative; account; fable; legend
restaurant (esp. Western-style)
ball (for sport, games, etc.); kemari; type of football played by courtiers in ancient Japan
work (e.g. of art); production; harvest; cultivation; technique
picture; drawing; painting; image (TV, film, etc.); picture; footage
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
end; verge; extremity; miss; failure; blank (e.g. lottery ticket)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
satisfactory; decent; good; proper; worthy
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be solved; to be resolved; to loosen; to come untied; to be removed (of restrictions); to be lifted (e.g. a ban)
garden; yard; courtyard; field (of action); area
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
yellow; high-pitched (voice); shrill
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
first storm of spring; strong winds during the change from winter to spring
(I) will; (I) shall; let's; (I) wonder (if); might it be (that); hey
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
pheasant's eye (species of buttercup, Adonis ramosa)
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
hmm; well ...; humph; roughly; harshly; violently
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
in that way; thus; so; so?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
very; extremely; terrible; horrid; remarkable; extraordinary