expert; learned person; doctor; PhD; instructor at the imperial court (ritsuryo period); pitch and length marks (to accompany a Buddhist liturgical chant, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
boundary; border; precinct; grounds
sea level rise; rise in sea level
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to rank next to; to come after
dispute; conflict; trouble; strife
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
action of making something; -ification
to ask after (someone's health); to visit; to attack; to strike; to meet with misfortune
having ended; being resolved
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
variegated; varicoloured; varicolored; multi-coloured; multi-colored; diverse
killing and wounding; bloodshed
black magic; sorcery; magic tricks; juggling
to play an instrument (esp. string instruments); to dance
dissolution; dissolving; solution (e.g. chemical); melting; liquefying; fusion
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
dead body; corpse; cadaver; carcass
aroma; fragrance; scent; smell
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
economy; economics; finance; (one's) finances; being economical; economy
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
aorta; (fig.) important traffic route
time; (the) hour; favourable time; opportunity; chance
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
company; corporation; workplace
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
pirate; sea robber; buccaneer; freebooter
ship; boat; tank; tub; counter for boat-shaped containers (e.g. of sashimi)