mind; heart; spirit; the meaning of a phrase (riddle, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shave (wood, leather, etc.); to sharpen (e.g. pencil); to cut down (budget, expenses, staff, time, etc.); to curtail; to delete; to erase
displeasure; discomfort; unpleasantness; indisposition; ailment
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
(in the) neighbourhood; neighborhood; around; about; for instance; say
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to resound; to echo; to reverberate
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become known; to come to light; to be known; to be understood; to clearly not amount to much; to be insignificant
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
chain; chaining; connection; (genetic) linkage
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
interval; break; pause; spare moment
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to resemble; to look like; to be like; to be alike; to be similar; to take after
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
to leak out; to escape; to find expression; to give vent; to leak out; to be divulged
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
paralysis; palsy; numbness; stupor
sense; sensation; feeling; intuition
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
body; physique; shape; form; substance; identity; field
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
difficult to ...; hard to ...
pain; ache; soreness; damage; injury; wear
to accompany; to go hand in hand with; to be consequent upon; to be accompanied by; to bring with; to take with
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
gradually; by degrees; little by little; steps; stairs; staircase
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
recognition; awareness; perception; understanding; knowledge; cognition
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
reality; actuality; hard fact
fiction; fabrication; concoction; fictitious; fictional; imaginary
interval; space; valley; gorge; loophole (in a wall); crenel