second (party to an agreement); the B party (e.g. in a contract); stylish; chic; strange; quaint
style; manner; way; after (period of time) again (e.g. meeting again after a year); for the first time in (period of time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
eternity; permanence; perpetuity
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
Yue (kingdom in ancient China; 6th C-334 BCE); Vietnam
volume (of book); reel (of film); scroll (of books or paintings); roll (paper, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
anyhow; at any rate; anyway; somehow or other; generally speaking; in any case
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
bracelet (usu. dating from the Kofun period)
group engaged in some activity (players, companies, forces, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
extremely; terrifically; super
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
living; lifestyle; living room
rule; (ruled) line; line (on a go board, shogi board, etc.)
kamado; traditional Japanese wood or charcoal-fueled cook stove
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
tablet; pill; tablet; tablet computer; tablet; (inscribed) slab
grass used for thatching; sedge used for thatching
messenger; police and judicial chief (Heian and Kamakura periods); klesha (polluting thoughts such as greed, hatred and delusion, which result in suffering)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then