May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
thirteenth day of the month; thirteen days
Sunday; day (of the month); counter for days; Japan
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
adds force or indicates command
far away; distant place; long ago; far back; by far
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to wake up (someone; by calling out); to awaken; to bring back (e.g. memories); to evoke; to recall
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to indicate; to show; to point to
meaning; significance; sense
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
clear; distinct; evident; definite
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
finally; at last; in the end; after all; never (happened)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
joy; delight; rapture; pleasure; gratification; rejoicing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to perk up; to awaken (to the truth, etc.); to come to a realization; to come to one's senses
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
nasal breathing; breathing through one's nose; person's pleasure; excitement
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
to jump down; to jump off; to jump from; to jump out of
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
time; hour; period; class
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
fearfully; timidly; nervously; cautiously; gingerly
to ask; to enquire; to query
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...