this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
ancient burial mound; barrow; tumulus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to dig up; to turn up; to tear up; to rake up (e.g. old scandal); to dig over
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
interior; inside; internal
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
observation; survey; watching
preservation; conservation; storage; saving (e.g. to disk)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
total darkness; pitch dark; bleak future; poor prospects
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
willow (any tree of genus Salix); weeping willow (Salix babylonica)
professor; teaching; instruction
stone hut; rock chamber; tomb; stone burial chamber
to reach; to get to; to arrive at
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
civilization; civilisation; culture; Bunmei era (1469.4.28-1487.7.20)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to explain; to dispel doubts
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
Asuka period (550-710 CE)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
presumption; assumption; estimation
main street (esp. in a capital); main thoroughfare; (arch.) most important of the three classes of highway (ritsuryo period)
now; the present time; just now; another; more